Abstract: During the development of myopia, there are special pathological changes in each layer of the eyeball, which are mainly manifested as thinning of the retinal pigment epithelium, choroidal atrophy, thinning of sclera. The expression and changes of many signaling molecules, such as dopamine, acetylcholine, glucagon, and cell growth factors, which eventually act on the retina, choroid and sclera tissue, causing myopic pathological changes. However, the information transmission pathways and specific targets of some important signal molecules are still unclear, further research is needed.(Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2020, 44: 448-452)

Key words: myopia, retinal pigment epithelium, choroid, sclera